Navigating Legitimacy and Resource Constraints: A Typology of Organizational Forms and Resource Mobilization Strategies Among Chinese Social Enterprises

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.jkty6585

Keywords:

social enterprise, Resource Dependency Theory, bricolage, interorganizational partnerships, China

Abstract

Social enterprises (SEs) engage in business activities to address social issues and fulfill social missions. Existing literature has mainly focused on a resource-oriented perspective, assuming that SEs either have or do not have resources. Therefore, we know very little about SEs in non-munificent institutional environments. Drawing on resource dependence theory and the bricolage framework, this study analyzes how SEs in China strategically select organizational structures to navigate legitimacy and resource challenges. Findings reveal that nonprofit SEs often employ social bricolage to enhance community engagement and visibility, while certified SEs leverage diverse partnerships for resource acquisition. In contrast, for-profit SEs face unique challenges in building organizational legitimacy but can access private sector resources through their business-oriented status. This research underscores the importance of tailoring strategies to maximize legitimacy and resource mobilization in the pursuit of social impact.

Author Biography

  • Rong Wang, Vanderbilt University

    Dr. Rong Wang – (Ph.D., University of Southern California) is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human and Organizational Development at Peabody College, Vanderbilt University. Dr. Wang is the Director of the Network Dynamics for Social Change Lab, where she studies how inter-organizational networks and collaborative alliances address complex social issues and scale impact. Her research, published in leading communication and organizational journals, focuses on collective action, open collaboration, and the role of nonprofits, social enterprises, and corporations in tackling structural inequities. Dr. Wang’s work has been supported by the NSF, NIH, Army Research Office, and other major funders, and she leads interdisciplinary teams to generate insights that bridge scholarly rigor and real-world impact.

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Published

2026-02-08

Issue

Online First

Section

Research Articles

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How to Cite

Navigating Legitimacy and Resource Constraints: A Typology of Organizational Forms and Resource Mobilization Strategies Among Chinese Social Enterprises. (2026). Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs. https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.jkty6585